Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 23-year-old man with minimal-changed nephrotic syndrome presented reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) which manifested as visual disturbance, renal hypertension, headache, generalized seizure and altered mental status. T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensity lesions in the right posterior temporo-parieto-occipital region and left posterior temporal area. Diffusion-weighted brain MRI did not show hyperintense signal in these lesions. After control of his hypertension, these lesions disappeared with improvement of clinical symptoms. We report this case and review the literature and suggest that RPLS in brain MRI may be the results of hypertensive encephalopathy due to vasogenic edema.